教育部、国家语委近日发布“中华思想文化术语传播工程”首批术语。对“仁”、“义”、“道”等81条反映中华传统文化特征与思维方式的核心术语,中国官方正式对外发布了简明中文释义和英文翻译。
看到这么“高大上”的内容,小编如获至宝,怎好意思不尽快分享给大家。今天先亮出这15个博大精深的汉字,我们一起学习下。
诚chéngSincerity
“诚”是儒家思想的核心概念之一,其基本含义是真实无妄。儒家认为,“诚”是“天道”或“天理”的本质,是万物得以存在的根据。同时,“诚”也是道德的本原和基础,一切道德的行为必须建立在内心真实无妄之上,否则便是虚妄,《中庸》称之为“不诚无物”。圣人以“诚”为本性,其言行自然与“天道”“天理”相合;君子则以“诚”作为道德修养的目标以及达于“天道”“天理”的途径。
SincerityisamongthecoreconceptsoftheConfucianschoolofthought.Basically,itmeanstruthfulnesswithoutdeceit.Confuciansbelievedthatsincerityistheessenceofthe“wayofheaven”or“principlesofheaven,”abasisonwhicheverythingelseisbuilt.Atthesametime,sincerityisalsotherootandfoundationofmorality.Allmoraldeedsmustbeconductedonthebasisofsincerityfromthebottomoftheheart.Otherwise,theyarenothingbutpretensions.TheDoctrineoftheMeanmaintains,“Nothingcanbeachievedwithoutsincerity.”Sagesaresincerebynature.Therefore,theirwordsanddeedsarenaturallyconsistentwiththe“wayofheaven”andthe“principlesofheaven.”Junzi(amanofvirtue)upholdssincerityashisgoalformoralattainmentandanapproachtoachievingthe“wayofheaven”andthe“principlesofheaven.”
例句Examples:
◎诚者,天之道也;诚之者,人之道也。(《礼记?中庸》)
(“诚”,是天的法则;达到“诚”,是人的修养路径。)
Sincerityisthewayofnature;tobeasincerepersonisthewaytoachieveself-refinement.(TheBookofRites)
◎诚者,真实无妄之谓,天理之本然也。(朱熹《中庸章句》)
(“诚”就是真实不伪诈,是天理本来的状态。)
Sinceritymeansuttertruthfulnesswithoutanypretensionsordeceit.Itisthenaturalstateoftheprinciplesofheaven.(ZhuXi:AnnotationsonTheDoctrineoftheMean)
道dàoDao(Way)
本义指人所行之路,引申而有三重含义:其一,指不同领域的事物所遵循的法则,如日月星辰运行的规律称为天道,人事活动所遵循的规律称为人道;其二,指万事万物所遵循的普遍法则;其三,指事物的本原或本体,超越于有形的具体事物,是万物生成的基始,又是万物存在和人类行为的根据。儒家、道家、佛教等都谈论道,其内涵差异甚大。儒家之道以仁义礼乐为基本内容,佛教和道家之道偏重“空”“无”方面的意义。
Initsoriginalmeaning,dao(道)isthewayorpathtakenbypeople.Ithasthreeextendedmeanings:1)thegenerallawsfollowedbythingsindifferentspheres,e.g.thenaturalorderbywhichthesun,moonandstarsmoveiscalledthewayofheaven;therulesthatgovernhumanactivitiesarethewayofman;2)theuniversalpatternsfollowedbyallthingsandbeings;and3)theoriginalsourceorontologicalexistenceofthings,whichtranscendsformandconstitutesthebasisforthebirthandexistenceofallthings,andfortheactivitiesofhumanbeings.IntheirrespectivediscussionsofDao,Confucianism,Daoism,andBuddhismimbueitwithverydifferentconnotations.Whilebenevolence,righteousness,socialnorms,andmusiceducationformthebasiccontentoftheConfucianDao,theBuddhistandDaoistDaotendstoemphasizekong(空emptiness)andwu(无void).
例句Examples:
◎天道远,人道迩。(《左传?昭公十八年》)
(天之道遥远,人事之道切近。)
Thewayofheavenisfaraway;thewayofmanisnear.(Zuo’sCommentaryonTheSpringandAutumnAnnals)
◎形而上者谓之道。(《周易?系辞上》)
(有形之上者称为道。)
WhattranscendsformiscalledDao.(TheBookofChanges)
德déDe
“德”有两种不同含义:其一,指个人的良好品格或人们在社会共同生活中的良好品行。“德”原初的意义与行为有关,主要指外在的道德行为,后兼指与道德行为相应的内在的情感、意识,“德”被认为是外在的道德行为与内在的道德情感、道德意识的结合。其二,指事物从“道”所得的特殊规律或特性,是幽隐无形的“道”的具体显现,也是事物产生和存在的内在依据。
Thetermhastwodifferentmeanings.Oneisanindividual’sfinemoralcharacter,orhisproperconductinsociety.Atfirstde(德)wasonlyrelatedtoanindividual’sbehavior,referringtohisexternalmoralconduct.Later,italsoreferredtosomethingthat